[MUSIC] Because what we have not really discussed so far, it has been implicit, but we have not really been discussing it for what's our leaders influencing others, right? We said leadership is a process in which an individual, a leader influences others towards achieving a common goal, but what is this common goal? With the tier areas that we've discussed so far, we can also really imagine and of course history proves it, that also leaders can influence followers for a common goal. Which is not really good, which is not attractive, not for the people, not for the organizations, not for the countries. And this is something that more and more leaders come to acknowledge and also scholars, researchers start to investigate what are the goals that leaders want to influence us? And there's various streams of research, for example, moral leadership, ethical leadership, authentic leadership, these are all types of extremes, type of perspectives that have to do something with we want our leaders to be influencing us for a common goal that is good. That helps people,that helps bringing forward something in our organizations and in our world. And this is what more and more people are really starting to assess. Let's call it moral leadership, or let's call it ethical leadership. It doesn't matter so much, but it's the type of leadership that really considers for what do our leaders want to influence us? Can you relate this to yourself? Can you think about leaders that maybe are good leaders, according to they influence people, they show a certain behavior, they make people act, but they do it for the wrong purpose? I bet you can. On the other hand, can you think about people that inspired you, that managed to move you in some direction because they really had an overall purpose, an overall vision that was appealing because it was changing the world or the organization for something good? These are often the type of people that we want to follow and that we really find appealing. And what we see is that researchers really would like to understand more of can we develop this? Is this something that people have? Can we train people in it? And in fact, there is also quite a bit of insight showing that yes, of course, making people aware, making leaders aware of the example function that they have, the possibility to influence others. If you mobilize this for something good imagine the change you can make, imagine how you can help to have this positive impact on the people around you. The second thing that I would like to discuss here on the current perspectives are, let's say, the follower-centered approaches. This stream of research start to acknowledge that leadership really is not only about leaders. A leader can only exist when people want to follow the person. So leadership in essence is not so much only about the leader but it is let's say a co-creation in which followers grants the leader influence, leadership, the possibility to move and to energize behavior. But this is a process which is not self evident. And more and more we see researchers acknowledging this ID and starting to investigate what aspects of followers and what aspect of leaders contribute to this collective process. What we also see under this heading, is researchers starting to study what they call shared leadership. Acknowledging that leadership, a process of influencing is not only something that relates to one individual. It is also something that can relate to a group, it is something that can relate to a management team, to a dual leadership structure. But how does it work? Is it effective? What do you do if you don't have one leader but you have more than one? Or maybe you have a self-managed team in which there is no one leader. How can the things that leaders do, the behaviors that they need to show, for example, just remember, the task-oriented versus the relationship-oriented behaviors that we saw when discussing the behavioral theories. How can we embed them in a group of people? How can we embed them in a team or a dual leadership structure? These are some of the questions that leadership researchers these days are asking themselves and also in fact, are observing in practice. Because we see more and more for both moral and ethical leadership and also for a more follower centered approaches to leadership that this is happening in our organizations and in our world. So with that we've come to the end of the leadership model to the week of leadership. I hope with discussing these different perspectives they've helped you to get a bit more understanding of why are some people leaders? Why do we admire some people? And maybe even a little bit in the direction if I want to become a leader, how can I do it? Where should I start? Or maybe, if you're managing a team, and you're wondering, is there anything else I can do? In which direction can I develop themselves? So with this brought-overview of approaches that are there, I hope to have given you a solid foundation of what it means to be a leader and through which glasses, through which perspectives, you can look at leadership. We're going to continue next week discussing about teamwork. Thank you. [MUSIC]
